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MM面试问题
Materials Management
1. In which of the following cases can you define scales for the condition type
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
2.
You can create special master records for vendors from whom you only procure a material once or very rarely. These are called one-time vendor master records and, in contrast to other master records, you can use a vendor master record for several vendors. Therefore, no vendor-specific data is stored for one-time vendors. You can control this using the relevant field selection for account groups for one-time vendors. When you create a purchasing or accounting document using a one-time vendor, the system automatically branches to an additional data screen on which you enter specific data, such as the vendor’s name, address, or bank details. If an RFQ or a pO is sent to a one-time vendor, the vendor data must be entered manually.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
valuation category Criterion for the separate valuation of different stocks of a material managed under a single material number.
Reasons for \"split valuation\" may include:
? Quality
? Batch
? Degree of purity
? Use or non-use in promotions
Account group Attributes which determine the creation of master records. The account group determines:
? The data that is relevant for the master record
? A number range from which numbers are selected for the master records. An account group must be assigned to each master record.
Account assignment Category Consumable materials debit different account assignment objects depending on the account assignment category specified. The account assignment category determines which category of account assignment is to be debited and which account assignment data you have to prepare. Examples of account assignment categories include:
? Asset
? Cost center
? Cost object
? G/L account
4.
a. Vendor master
b. Material Master
c. Info record
d. Outline agreement
5. What determines whether a material can be posted to a stock?
a. Material type
b. Material group
c. Material Status
d. MRp controllers
MRp controllers The person responsible for a group of materials within MRp in a plant or company. Any material that takes part in material requirements planning must be assigned to an MRp controller.
Material Status Indicator in a material master record that restricts the usability of a material. You can restrict the usability of a material for certain functions, for example, by assigning it the status \"test part.\" Tables are used to define how the system is to respond in individual applications, for example, with an error message or a warning, in the case of unpermitted use of a material. You can define the material status for all plants (basic data view), or separately for each plant (plant view).
6. What does the account assignment category U stands for? When can we use this account assignment category ?
If you do not know the account assignment object for which the consumable material is being procured when the requirement coverage request is created, you can use account assignment category U in the purchase requisition. The system does not require any further details about the account assignment for the relevant item in the purchase requisition.
7. What is the purpose of Collective number in RFQ?
You can link a number of RFQs that belong together with the help of the collective number. The collective number can have a maximum of ten characters and can be alphanumeric.
8.
A release order is a purchase order that references a contract. Contracts are outline agreements. They do not contain details of the delivery dates for each of the items. To inform vendors of which quantities you need for which date, you enter contract release orders for a contract.
9.
Distributed contracts are centrally agreed contracts that are created in one R/3 system and made available to other R/3 systems for the issue of release orders. They are distinguished from normal contracts by the use of a separate agreement type.
Items of a Centralized contract do not relate to just one specific receiving plant.
10. At which Organization levels is info record kept
a. p. org level
b. plant
c. Company code
d. Client
11. What are the preconditions for automatically generated delivery schedule lines?
A particular advantage of working with scheduling agreements is that delivery schedule lines can be generated automatically by the MRp system provided that certain prerequisites are fulfilled:
? The scheduling agreement must be uniquely defined as the source of supply
? Automatically generated schedule lines must be allowed via the source list (MRp indicator 2)
? Automatically generated schedule lines must be allowed in the MRp system
12. When do normally use Account assignment category K? And why?
K (cost center).
13. At which level purchase requisitions are released
purchase Organization
14.
purchase Organization
15. What is item category and give some two examples
The item category defines the process used to procure a material or service.
? Standard: You use this item category for materials that are procured externally.
? Subcontracting: The finished product is ordered from a vendor. The components that the vendor needs to manufacture the finished product are entered as ?material to be provided “ items.
? Consignment: The vendor makes material available, which you then manage as consignment stock. A liability only arises when material is withdrawn from consignment stock, not when the stock is placed in the consignment stores.
? Stock transport orders: The material is transferred from one plant to another.
? Third-party order: You order material from a vendor with the instruction that the vendor should deliver the goods direct to a third party (a customer, for example). The vendor sends your company the material invoice.
16. What are release codes in release procedure?
Two-character identifier with which a person responsible for processing a document can release (approve) an item of a purchase requisition, a complete purchase requisition, or a complete external purchasing document, or cancel such release (that is, revoke a previously granted approval). If a link to SAp Business Workflow has been defined for the release code, the person involved can also refuse to effect release (withhold approval), thus rejecting the relevant item or document.
17.
The release conditions (or criteria) determine which release strategy applies. To be able to work with the release procedure with classification, you must create a release class with characteristics in addition to making the other Customizing settings. You set up a release class with characteristics via the classification system.
? The communication structures CEBAN (for purchase requisitions) and CEKKO (for external purchasing documents) contain all the fields that can be defined as release characteristics.
? All release conditions must be defined as classification characteristics. part of the characteristic definition is a link to a field of the communication structures CEBAN or CEKKO
? You group together all characteristics that you wish to use in release strategies for purchase requisitions or external purchasing documents in a class. The class must be assigned to the class type 032. You can define a class for purchase requisitions, a class for external purchasing documents, and a class for service entry sheets. The release class is assigned to the release object in Customizing (1 = purchase requisition, 2 = external purchasing documents, 3 = service acceptance).
18.
a. Blocked is valuated and GR is non Valuated
b. Blocked is non- valuated and GR is valuated
c. Both are valuated
d. Both are non-valuated
19. What is document type for Stock Transport Orders and what are the prerequisites for transferring stock between two plants?
a. plant to plant
b. Storage Location to Storage Location
1. Change Stock Type
2. Batch Number
3. Material Number
20. What is the effect of a goods receipt?
a. Both the stock and Quantity gets updated
b. Only Value gets updated
c. Only quantity gets update
d. None of the above
21. When is the Delivery completed indicator automatically set in purchase order?
a.
b.
c.
d.
22. Write any two differences between pipeline procurement and Standard procurement
No Inventory Management and No physical Inventory
Available in any quantity
No purchasing, no MRp
Cost are updated in production Order
23. Can we have different output type for the same Document?
Yes
NO
24. What are the possible ways of assigning a printer?
a.
b.
c.
d.
25. On which levels you can valuate your materials
plant
Company
Your choice of valuation level affects the following:
? Maintenance of material master records
? G/L accounts in which material stocks are managed
? If material stocks are valuated at company code level, all plant stocks of a material are managed in a joint stock account for each company code.
? If material stocks are valuated at plant level, the material stocks for each plant can be managed in different accounts. You can define a separate account determination for each plant.
? G/L accounts to which transactions are posted in Materials Management
26. What is the purpose of Account Grouping Code?
The account group is a classifying feature within vendor master records. The account group determines:
? the number interval for the account number of the vendor
? whether the number is assigned by the user or by the system
? Which specifications are necessary and/or possible in the master record.
27.
The transaction keys are used to determine accounts or posting keys for line items which are created automatically by the system. The transaction keys are defined in the system and cannot be changed by the user.
GBB Offsetting entry for inventory posting
BSX Inventory posting
T-code: OBYC
28. Can you assign more than one valuation class to a single material number?
NO
29.
Split valuation
30. Accounting entries in the following cases
GR in the case of Standard price
Stock Account
GR/IR Account
Vendor Account
GR in the case of Moving average price
Stock Account
GR/IR Account
Vendor Account
GR in the case of price difference between material master price and pO price and Material is in S
Stock Account
GR/IR Account
price difference expense/revenue
GR in the case of price difference between material master price and pO price and Material is in V
Stock Account
GR/IR Account
price difference Account
35. What are the accounting entries in the case of Transferring material Between Storage locations of the same plant?
???
36. What is Gross posting and Net posting?
Gross:
37. I do Invoice Reduction normally in the case of
a.
b.
c.
d.
38. During LIV under what circumstances the system generates two Accounting documents?
????
39. What is the Subsequent credit memo used for?
40. How we can post unplanned delivery cost
Among the items or post the costs to a separate G/L account.
?
?
41.
If unplanned costs are apportioned among the purchase order items, the offsetting entry is made to the respective stock account or cost account for the individual items, or to a price differences account.
42. What is ERS and when do we use that
In Evaluated Receipt Settlement (ERS), goods receipts are settled directly without the vendor having to issue an invoice. The R/3 System uses information from the purchase order and the goods receipt. The system creates a message record at the time of settlement, which allows you to send the vendor a letter about the settlement. ERS is defined for each purchase order item. You can use ERS only if it is defined for the pO vendor in the vendor master record. If a purchase order item is to be settled automatically, goods-receipt-based Invoice Verification must also be active for the item.
43.
procedure for checking invoices.
44. What is one step and two steps transfer process.
One step: posting procedure for physical stock transfers from storage location to storage location or from plant to plant. When using the one-step procedure, you only have to record one transaction in the system to post the removal from storage at the point of issue and placement into storage at the point of receipt. The system creates just one material document for a stock transfer.
Two step: posting procedure for physical stock transfers from storage location to storage location or from plant to plant. With this procedure, it is possible to monitor the stock affected by the transfer since it is designated as \"in transfer\" at the receiving point and administered as such in the system.
45.
Involving valuation stock: stock
Involving no valuation stock: stock & value
46. Total shelf life – 6 months
Calculate the remaining shelf life
Will the system accept this GR or not -
47. Difference between the accounting entries of a normal GI and pipeline item GI
A pipeline withdrawal has the following effects:
? Stock levels are not changed
? Consumption is updated
? A pipeline liability towards the vendor is incurred, which must be accounted for and settled on a periodic basis.
48. How do you create returns pO - what will be the Accounting entries in the case of GR
For returns to vendor, you do not have to reference the preceding document with which the material you are returning was procured.
49. For an Account assigned pO where from the GL accounts are determined
a.
b.
c.
d.
50. Can we the prices of Info record from purchase order – If yes how?? If no what will get updated in the info record
purchasing info records determine the prices suggested in purchasing documents in two ways:
Conditions:
Conditions are included if they have been maintained for an info record manually or from a quotation.
Last purchase order:
If an info record does not contain any conditions, the system reads the number of the last purchasing document in the info record and then suggests the price from this document.
51.
52. How an account determination happens with the help of Valuation class – Brief.
The valuation class has the following functions:
? Allows the stock values of materials of the same material type to be posted to different G/L accounts.
? Allows the stock values of materials of different material types to be posted to the same G/L account.
? Determines together with other factors the G/L accounts updated for a valuation-relevant transaction (such as a goods movement).
53. What is important in the case of Blanket Orders?
Account assignment category
purchasing Group
purchasing Org
d.
54.
M: Quality contract
W: Value contract
55.
NO
56.
? The vendor provides goods that are stored in consignment stores. The vendor remains owner of the material until you withdraw materials from the consignment stores.
? The vendor is informed of material withdrawals on a regular basis.
? The quantity withdrawn is invoiced at certain time intervals. As a result of such withdrawals, the enterprise incurs a liability towards the vendor. Such liabilities are settled periodically.
57.
NO
58.
If the quantity is more than pO, a reversal action can be taken.
If the quantity is less than pO, an additional GR can be taken.
59. How are goods movement documented in MM?
Material doc:
Account doc:
CO doc:
60. Which of the following is not a planning run type?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Regenerative planning (NEUpL): The system plans all materials which are included in the planning file irrespective of all indicators.
Net change planning (NETCH): The system only plans those materials which are provided with the change indicator NETCH.
Net change planning in the short-term planning horizon (NETpL): The system only plans those materials provided with the change indicator NETpL.
61.
File that contains a list of all the materials for which a change relevant to requirements planning has occurred and that are therefore automatically flagged for planning.
If such a change has taken place, the entry in the planning file is carried out automatically.
Each flagged material is taken into account and planned in the next planning run.
62.
The indicator in the planning files entry.
63. Which option do you have in releasing an invoice manually?
Q
D
p
I
64. Are accounting documents created for the following postings?
a.
b.
c.
d.
If the plants belong to different valuation areas, an accounting document is created parallel to the material document for the removal from storage, because the stock is transferred from one plant into another.
65.
The firming type determines how procurement proposals are to be firmed and scheduled within the planning time fence during the planning run.
planning time fence:
Within the planning time fence, the system does not automatically change procurement proposals during the planning run. That is particularly useful for MpS.
Outside of the planning time fence, procurement proposals are created as usual in the planning run. When these procurement proposals move into the planning time fence, they are firmed automatically depending on the setting of the firming type. The system always calculates the end date of the planning time fence dynamically starting from the planning date.
66. What is a planning horizon in MRp?
The planning horizon is the period that is set for the \"net change planning in the planning horizon.\" For this type of net change planning, only those materials are planned in the planning run that have a change relevant to MRp within the period (in work days).
The length of the planning horizon should at least include the following:
? period in which customer orders enter
? delivery times
? complete material processing time
Net change planning:
67. What is the movement type for Goods receipt into Warehouse?
a.
b.
c.
d.
68.
MIRO
69. What is the difference between the transaction code MB5B and MMBE?
MB5B:
MMBE:
70. What is the purpose of reconciliation account?
G/L account, to which transactions in the subsidiary ledgers, (such as in the customer, vendor or assets areas), are automatically updated.
It is generally the case that several sub ledger accounts post to a common reconciliation account. This ensures that the developments in the sub ledger accounts are accurately reflected in the general ledger (i.e. in line with balance sheet conventions).
71. Which of the following is not taken into consideration by the SAp R/3 system during vendor comparison?
a. Basic price
b. Discounts
c. Taxes
d. Freight
72. Can the Info record be updated from quotation?
Yes
73.
parked data of a vendor invoice saved in the SAp System using the \"park Incoming Invoice\" function.
You park invoice documents if:
?Important information for posting the invoice document is still missing (in this case, the balance may not be zero for example)
?The business process of invoice entry is performed in several steps (by both clerks responsible purely for invoice entry and by invoice verification staff for instance)
When parking documents, you must populate at least the following fields:
?Document date
?Invoicing party
?Vendor
?Account assignment objects
The following updates take place:
?Document changes are logged
?Data for advance tax returns
? Index for duplicate invoice check
? Vendor open items
?pO history
parked invoice documents can later be changed, completed, d, or posted. However, they can no longer be put \"on hold\".
a)
Limit up to which invoice variances are accepted by the system without query. If the tolerance limit is exceeded, the relevant items are blocked and payment cannot be effected.
74．What is the difference between MRp list and Stock requirement list?
The MRp list displays the result of the last planning run. Changes that have occurred between planning runs are ignored in the MRp list.
In contrast to this, the system displays all changes in stock, receipts and issues, which have currently occurred, in the stock/requirements list.
By using the MRp list and stock/requirements list comparison, you can compare these two evaluations with each other. This means that you can compare the situation at the time of the last planning run with the current stock/requirements situation.
75．What does the term ‘source of supply’ mean? Name them.
procurement option for a material.
A source of supply can be an external source (vendor) or an internal one (for example, a firm\s own plant).
The preferred source at any one time can be determined by the system on the basis of quota arrangements, source list records, outline agreements (longer-term purchase arrangements) or info records that have been defined for the material.
76．Identify the movement type for a reversal and return to the vendor.
77．Briefly explain the physical inventory process.
1)
a)
b)
c)
2)
a)
b)
c)
3)
a)
b)
c)
78．List all the stock types.
The storage location stock and special stocks on a company\s own premises are subdivided into three different types:
?Unrestricted-use stock
?Stock in quality inspection
?Blocked stock
Special stocks with the vendor or customer are subdivided into two different stock types:
?Unrestricted-use stock
?Stock in quality inspection
If batch status management is active, a further stock type is supported: \"restricted-use stock\".
80. Which of the following is a time-independent condition?
a)
b)
c)
d)
81. Which of the following is not true of contracts?
e)
f)
g)
h)
82.
Rolling delivery schedules created under scheduling agreements are divided into different time zones indicating the degree to which the lines of the schedule are binding. You can define the following time zones:
?Firm zone (zone 1) (go-ahead for production).
The schedule lines within this zone count as firm and thus as fully binding. If you cancel a schedule line that falls within the firm zone, the vendor is entitled to charge you with both production costs and the costs of procuring input materials incurred by him as a result of the cancellation.
?Trade-off zone (zone 2) (go-ahead for procurement of input materials)
This is the \"semi-firm\" zone, giving the vendor the go-ahead to procure necessary input materials to manufacture the item ordered. If you cancel a schedule line within this semi-firm zone, the vendor is only entitled to charge you the material costs. Schedule lines falling within this time zone are thus less binding than those falling within the firm zone.
?planning zone (zone 3) (forecast)
All schedule lines that lie beyond the first two zones (that is, delivery is tentatively scheduled for quite a long way into the future) fall within the planning zone.
The firm and trade-off zones are printed out in the schedule for the user’s information. For each schedule line that falls within a certain zone, it is assumed that the relevant material is procured in accordance with the conditions that apply to this zone (e.g. schedule lines falling within the firm zone are fully binding).
83.
a.
b.
c.
d.
84.
A grouping or combination of legal, organizational, business and/or administrative units with a common purpose.
85.
Client, Company code, plant, purchasing organization, purchasing group
86.
General:
Address
Control
87.
Assign each item a delivery date.
88.
The system determines material shortages for requirement dates in the net requirements calculation. These shortage quantities must now be covered by receipts. The system calculates the receipt quantity in the lot-size calculation which is carried out during the planning run. You specify how the system is to determine the lot size by selecting one of the lot-sizing procedures in the material master record.
Three groups of procedures exist for calculating the lot size:
?In the static lot-sizing procedures, the lot size is calculated using only the entered quantities in the material‘s master record.
?The period lot-sizing procedures groups together requirements from one or several periods to form a lot.
?The optimum lot-sizing procedures groups requirements from several periods together to form a lot, whereby an optimum cost ratio is determined between lot size independent costs and storage costs.
89.
90.
a. Value basis
b. Quantity basis
c. Value and quantity basis
d. None
91.
Condition table: A condition table consists of one or more condition keys and a data part. The data part contains a number that references a record in another table. The latter table contains the condition records.
Access sequence: An access sequence is a search strategy by means of which the system searches for valid records in various condition tables. It consists of one or more accesses. The sequence of accesses controls the priority of the individual condition records among each other. Through the accesses, the system is told where to look first and where to look next for a valid condition record in each case.
Calculation schema: A calculation schema groups together all condition types that play a part in calculating the price. It sets out the order in which the condition types are taken into account in the calculation.
Condition types: Condition types represent price factors in the system. There are condition types for absolute and percentage discounts, freight costs, customs duties, or taxes, for example. Via the condition type, you specify how the price factor is calculated (e.g. percentage or absolute amount).
92. What does ABC analysis mean?
procedure to determine the importance of an object.
You perform an ABC analysis to classify objects according to specific criteria or performance measures. Each object is assigned one of the following three indicators:
?A: important
?B: less important
?C: relatively unimportant
An object can be a material, a vendor, or a plant.
ABC analyses are used in Materials Management, plant Maintenance, Cost Accounting, the Logistics Information System and ABAp Query.
93. Gine the transactions codes for the following
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
94.
Scheduling Agreement delivery schedule
95. What does Invoice reduction mean? Briefly explain how it is done.
When there is a discrepancy between the invoice quantities or values
96.
List of dates on which invoices for purchase order items covering materials or services are to be maintained and paid.
The invoicing plan permits extensive automation of the process of creating and paying invoices for both recurring procurement transactions (such as rental or leasing payments) and transactions involving settlement in stages (such as payment regarding the individual phases of a building project as they are completed).
97.
You can block invoices at random to check them again. If the stochastic block is active and you post an invoice that is not subject to any other blocking reason, it can be randomly selected for blocking.
A stochastic block is not set at item level, but for the whole invoice. If a stochastic block is set when you post the invoice, the system automatically sets an R in the field payment block in the document header data; there is no blocking indicator in the individual items.
98.
a.
b.
c.
d.
99. Briefly explain Re-order point planning.
Special procedure in materials planning.
If the reorder point is greater than warehouse stock, a procurement proposal is created by MRp.
If the stock falls below this quantity, the system flags the material for requirements planning by creating a planning file entry.
100. What are the various planning levels in MRp?